Number № 27

2022 №4

Plow universal forest POOL-2

Nikolay I. Chepelev; Sergei N. Orlovsky
Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

The types of tools for laying mineralized strips in the fight against forest fires are considered. The design of a universal forest plow with disk working bodies is analyzed, which is designed for laying fire-fighting mineralized strips, strip soil preparation with furrows on soddy, not uprooted clearings with well-drained soils, and tillage in strips with the formation of micro-elevations for forest crops on fresh and slightly soddy, not uprooted canopies. – cuttings with the number of stumps up to 600 pcs/ha. The plow can be used with caterpillar forestry tractors LHT-55 and LHT-100, as well as with wheeled tractors of the MTZ-82 type. It has been established that for the laying of fire-fighting mineralized support strips and barrier barriers, the use of this rogue will make it possible to move to a higher level of technical equipment for forestry, both in terms of the quality of the work performed, and in terms of cost reduction, as well as to abandon obsolete equipment.

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Forest fires in the Khabarovsk Territory. The effectiveness of fire barriers

Aleksei M. Orlov1,6,
Iurii А. Andreev2,7,
Vladimir V. Chakov3,
Viktoriia V. Pozdniakova4,
Oksana S. Gromyko5
1,2,4,5Far Eastern Research Institute of Forestry, Khabarovsk, Russia,
3,6The Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia,
7Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, Russia

The article analyzes some of the main indicators of the fire hazard situation in the forests of the Khabarovsk Territory over the past few years, in particular, fire hazard, natural and weather conditions; causes, number and area of forest fires; average distance from forest fires to the nearest settlements; dependence of the relative number of fires on the distance to the nearest settlement. The results of studies on the actual state of the main elements of the fire-fighting arrangement of the forest fund – mineralized strips and fire-fighting roads are given. An assessment of the effectiveness of fire barriers based on a survey is given and conclusions are drawn. Federal and sectoral statistics, government reports, scientific and methodological publications, as well as the authors’ own research were used as initial data.

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Foam possibility for forest fire fighting

Nikolay I. Chepelev; Sergei N. Orlovsky
Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University,Krasnoyarsk, Russia

A review of the literature on the use of foams in the fight against forest fires is given. The results of studies of the stability and expansion of foams depending on various conditions are presented. It is established that for the laying of fire support strips it is necessary to use air-mechanical high-expansion foam, and for permanent barrier strips, solid foams. Designs of foam generators are considered.

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Improvement of the remuneration system for employees (firefighters) of state and municipal fire protection institutions

Andrei V. Kalach1,2,
Valentin I. Plakhotin2,3,
Denis I. Sotnikov4,
Nikolay V. Martinovich5,
Marina V. Petukhova6
1Ural Institute of GPS of the Ministry of EMERCOM of Russia, Yekaterinburg, Russia,
2Civil Defense, public Protection and fire safety of the Voronezh region, Voronezh, Russia,
3Boronezh Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Voronezh, Russia,
4Voronezh State Industrial and Humanitarian College, Voronezh, Russia,
5Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, Russia,
6Civil Defence Academy of Emercom of Russia, Moscow, Russia

Based on the municipal state institution of the Usmansky 2nd rural settlement of the Novousmansky municipal district of the Voronezh Region, the authors show a remuneration mechanism developed by the authors that guarantees employees of State and municipal fire protection institutions to pay monthly labor standards not lower than the level established in the territory of the Russian Federation Federal Minimum Wage.

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Adolescents’ ideas about behavior in fire-hazardous situations: current regional state and development

Kristina A. Polyakova1,
Roman Yu. Polyakov2,
Artem S. Artemov3,
Vitaly I. Fedyanin4,
Galina A. Kvashnina5
1,2,3Bunin Yelets State University,
4,5Voronezh State Technical University,
1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1334-3590,
2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-2050,
3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-1648

Today, it is necessary to pay special attention to the issues of fire safety of adolescents. This problem has become relevant due to the constant monitoring of the causes of fires and disappointing statistics for 2018 – 2021, where the careless handling of teenagers with fire stands out among the main causes of fires.

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On the issue of patriotic education of students educational organizations of law enforcement agencies

Yulia G. Khlopovskikh1,
Ivan A. Prokudin2
1Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, Russia,
2Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Voronezh, Russia

The essence and dynamics of the formation of patriotism as a core quality of personality are considered. The results of an empirical study aimed at studying the level of patriotic education, the peculiarities of patriotic feelings of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are presented.

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Features to the future profession attitudes formation in gender-homogeneous and co-educational groups of cadets

Yuri G. Baskin1,
Galina B. Svidzinskaya2
1,2Saint-Petersburg University of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia,
1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-6805,
2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-217X

The semantic differential method was employed to analyze attitudes to the future profession on gender-homogeneous and co-educational cadet groups studying in the specialty “Forensic examination” of St. Petersburg University of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia during the total training period. The time history of that attitude to the chosen profession during the learning period was revealed. It is shown that the attitude to the future profession depends on the cadet gender and in the initial period is largely determined by the gender structure of the group; the formation of co-educational groups in the universities of enforcement structure allows to create a comfortable educational environment, which is especially important during the period of adaptation to new conditions when forming motivation to master a profession.

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On the approach to minimizing material risk in emergency situations (floods) caused by congestion

Evgeniy V. Ivanov; Pavel N. Tkachenko; Yuliya A. Tkachenko; Vladimir A. Nesterov
Civil Defense Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Khimki, Russia

The article is devoted to the description of the approach to minimizing the material risk of floods resulting from congestion. The mathematical and verbal formulation of the problem is formulated. The direction of its solution is the search for such a list and volumes of engineering and technical measures that minimize the function of material risk from floods caused by congestion. It is concluded that it is possible in principle to divide all engineering and technical measures into two large groups, in accordance with the specifics of the research task. A system of resource and time constraints is formed and an approach to solving the optimization problem is demonstrated.

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Justification of the need to use the medical and psychological service as part of special fire and rescue units in the subjects of the Russian Federation

Evgeny V. Bobrinev1,
Elena Yu. Udavtsova2,
Andrey A. Kondashov3,
Tatiana A. Shavyrina4,
Oleg V. Streltsov5
All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Protection of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Balashikha, Russia,
1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-62973,
2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-0849,
3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-1669,
4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-2141,
5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-4849

Using the theory of fuzzy sets, a mathematical model has been developed to justify the need to use the medical and psychological service as part of specialized fire and rescue units of the Federal Fire Service of the State Fire Service. The model takes into account the climatic and geographical features of the subjects, indicators of social and technical and economic development, and the risks of emergencies and fires. It also takes into account the availability of forces and means of a unified state system for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations. Using the developed model, the subjects in which the need for medical and psychological service as part of specialized fire and rescue units is the highest are identified. In these subjects, it is proposed to use the medical and psychological service of the 1st and 2nd categories.

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To the problem of the development of a digital system for monitoring the general situation and emergencies in time of peace and war

Ilya A. Sheremetiev1,
Alexander M. Kostetsky1,
Petr M. Yudanov1,
Igor S. Katorzhin1,
Ivan Yu. Sergeev2
1The Civil Defence Academy of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Khimki, Russia,
2Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, Russia

This article is devoted to the applicability of neural networks for automatic analysis of images from CCTV cameras in real time for rapid response to emergencies (hereinafter referred to as emergencies) arising from landslides and mudflows. To design the architecture of the neural network and control its parameters, the high-level software platform tensorflow keras (hereinafter referred to as the platform) was used. The completeness metric (recall) at the level of 94.4% shows the success of the chosen approach. The results of this work can be used in the development of specialized software for the prevention of emergencies in rural areas and avalanche-prone regions and in the development of a digital system for monitoring the general situation of emergencies in peacetime, which will speed up the processing of information, as well as reduce the time for bringing operational information to the authorities and rescue units of the EMERCOM of Russia.

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