Number № 26

2022 №3

Application of program-target planning methods to improve the organization and implementation of fire extinguishing

Konstantin S. Vlasov1,
Alexander A. Poroshin2
All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Protection of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Balashikha, Russia;
1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-7561;
2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-7024

Management of the strategic development of the Russian Federation is carried out within the framework of state programs, in accordance with Government Decree No. 588 of 02.08.2010. At the same time, it is necessary to interconnect the activities being developed with each other in terms of tasks, deadlines and resources. State programs allow, within the framework of the program-target method, to concentrate efforts for a comprehensive and systematic solution of the problems of the socio-economic policy of the country. The proposed program-target planning method consists in the selection of priority goals of economic, social, scientific and technological development, in the development of interrelated measures to achieve them in a given time with maximum efficiency with the required provision of resources. The proposed article describes the process of formation and decomposition of the goal tree in relation to the problem of fire extinguishing organization.

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Features of forest fire prevention in Russia

Vladimir S. Putin, Vyacheslav V. Serikov
All-Russian Research Institute on Civil Defense and Emergencies of EMERCOM of Russia (Federal Center for Science and High Technology), Moscow, Russia

The article considers the features of forest fire prevention in the Russian Federation in comparison with the Republic of Belarus. The reasons for their occurrence in 2021 have been identified. The methods of analysis and comparison are used in the work.

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Substantiation of rational parameters of the radiation monitoring system for detecting local sources of ionizing radiation of terrorist origin

Alexander I. Mazanik1,
Nikolay P. Valuev1,
Ivan Y. Sergeev2,
Gleb A. Nikolaev2
1Civil Defense Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow, Russia;
2Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, Russia

The article describes a new scientific technique designed to substantiate the rational parameters of the radiation monitoring system in order to detect possible local sources of ionizing radiation of terrorist origin. A scientific and methodological apparatus has been developed that allows making informed management decisions on the allocation of financial resources when planning the purchase of additional dosimetric equipment. The application of the methodology makes it possible to plan and purchase dosimetric equipment in the best possible way in order to increase the effectiveness of the organization of measures for radiation inspection of territories and facilities in the event of possible terrorist threats.

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The current state and main directions for ensuring fire safety in the region

Mariya V. Dronova
State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Tyumen, Russia, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3844-007

The article analyzes statistical data on the level of fire safety in the region (the number of fires, the amount of economic damage, the dynamics of the number of people killed as a result of devastating events, the main directions of the program to protect the population and territories from emergencies, fire safety, civil defense, the amount of funding for the implementation of program directions). The measures to ensure fire safety presented in the regional program, implemented by local self-government bodies within their powers, were studied. The conducted studies indicate a lack of coordination necessary for the development of forces and means of detecting and extinguishing fires. Therefore, it is necessary to modernize measures for the prevention and prevention of forest fires. Ensuring fire safety has a decisive impact on the development of the region’s territories, the preservation of the agroecosystem at all levels, production and industrial facilities.

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Regional digitalization of territorial safety management: tasks, results, prospects

Anna V. Korobko1,2,
Valeriy V. Nicheporchuk2,
Sergei A. Gilek3
1Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-5337-3247;
2Institute of Computational Modelling of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-1307;
3Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, Russia

Large volumes of information collected are now the cause of the management crisis. The «Operational Summary» software is the first result of the implementation of the digital transformation concept. The web service works in the different department of the Krasnoyarsk region. An increase in the number of data sources and the depth of analytical processing will contribute to the effective management of the safety of territories.

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Natural simulation of personnel evacuation from the liquefied gas plant in case of fire

Boris A. Klementiev1,
Andrew V. Kalach2,
Tatiana P. Sysoeva3,
Zelimkhan B. Evloev3,
Nikolay V. Martinovich4
1Arctic LNG;
2Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russia;
3Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia;
4Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, Russia

The article analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of liquefied natural gas enterprises. Particular attention is paid to assessing the sustainability of oil refineries. Emphasizes the importance of detailed elaboration and revising approaches to assessing the adequacy of the evacuation and rescue of employees of enterprises producing liquefied natural gas. The results of full-scale scenario modeling of evacuation at an enterprise for the production of liquefied natural gas are presented. Scenarios that differ in the most extended and difficult ways of evacuating people were considered as calculated ones. The evacuation process was considered as the movement of one homogeneous human flow, while the merging of flows, as well as the formation of crowds of people in any section of the evacuation routes until the critical flow density was reached, were not considered due to the significant dispersal of personnel at the facility.

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Thermal conductivity of backfills of hollow microspheres as elements of fire-resistant coatings

Dmitrii P. Volkov1,
Yury P. Zarichnyack2,
Aleksandra A. Marova3,
Anatolii. A. Kuzmin1
1St. Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia;
2ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
3St. Petersburg State University Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia

The structure of free backfill of hollow glass and borosilicate micr spheres is investigated. The processes of conductive transfer of thermal energy in micr spheres, molecular and radiant heat transfer in pores between microspheres are consi ered. The proposed model of the structure developed a procedure for calculating / predicting the effective thermal conductivity of free fillings of hollow micro spheres. The results of the calculation are compared with the published experimental data of various independent sources.

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Development of a virtual simulator for studying the signs of emergency operation modes of electrical devices and equipment

Irina N. Pozharkova1,
Eugeniy Yu. Troyak2,
Alexander N. Slepov3,
Alexander S. Gorbunov4
Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, Russia,
1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1153-350X;
2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9446-9226;
3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8625-5116

The article is devoted to the development of a virtual simulator designed to improve the quality of decisions made by employees of the inquiry bodies based on the results of procedural actions at the scene of the incident during the investigation of fires. The architecture of the corresponding software and hardware complex is presented, as well as a functional model for conducting practical lessons based on it on the study of signs of emergency modes of operation of electrical devices and equipment. The effectiveness of the developed simulator was evaluated based on a comparative analysis of the results of the control tasks for the use of forensic methods and means for searching, detecting, fixing, withdrawing and preliminary study of material evidence at the fire site.

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Causes of large fires at protection facilities of various risk categories in the Russian Federation in 2020-2021

Vladislav A. Mashtakov1,
Oleg V. Streltsov2,
Evgeny V. Bobrinev3,
Andrey A. Kondashov4,
Elena Yu. Udavtsova5
ll-Russian Research Institute of Fire Protection of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Balashikha, Russia,
1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6256-9273;
2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-4849;
3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-6297;
4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-1669;
5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-0849

An analysis of the fire hazard level of protection facilities of various risk categories in the Russian Federation in 2020-2021 showed that the highest loss of life per 1 fire occurs at protection facilities of low and moderate risk categories. The highest probability of escaping from the zone of exposure to fire hazards is at high–risk facilities; the lowest is at low-risk facilities. In the range from low-risk objects to high-risk objects, there is a decrease in the proportion of fires due to careless handling of fire and NPUiE furnaces and an increase in the proportion of fires due to NPUiE of electrical equipment, malfunction of production equipment or disruption of the production process, as well as due to NPPB during electric gas welding and other fire works.

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Improvement of water intakes from surface sources in order to ensure the reliability of fire-fighting water supply

Elena I. Golyakova1,
Anastasiya P. Filkova2
1,2Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, Russia,
1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4157-8525

Fire-fighting water supply of settlements is a set of measures to provide water to various consumers to extinguish a fire. The article discusses methods of improving channel water intakes for water intake from surface sources in order to ensure the reliability of water supply, including for fire-fighting needs.

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